"2003","11","archive","394",,,"disk0/00/00/20/03","2019-01-11 14:14:46","2019-01-11 14:14:46","2019-01-11 14:14:46","conference_item",,,"show","","",,,,"Okahashi","Junko","","","","",,,,,"","","Significance of reconstructed built-heritage after wartime destruction: Restitution of identity? New role in the subsequent society?","pub","D04","","identity",,"In a southern island of Japan stands a prominent example of reconstructed cultural heritage,
the Shuri-jo (Shuri Castle). First built in 14th Century by the Ryukyu dynasty of Okinawa, it was a living
castle until late 19th Century. However, entirely devastated by heavy bombarding in 1945, its tangible
memory could then only be rebuilt through reconstruction. Shuri-jo being highly important for the
identity of the people of Okinawa, reconstruction works started as early as the 1950s, emerging from the
rubbles of the city of Naha, even under the American occupation. Majority of the works took place in the
early 1990s. The historic urban landscape around Shuri-jo was gone in 1945, yet without such context,
the new Shuri-jo is again at the heart of the local community. Reconstruction could take place at the right
momentum, while the elders could link their memories of the pre-war castle to its new being. Without
the reconstruction of this castle complex, it could be said that for them, war period was not over. Those
reconstructed monuments could be seen as restituted identity of the place, as a symbol of reconciliation
of the war-torn society of Okinawa. Without the reconstructed castle, today having also become a tourist
asset, one would find it difficult to visually trace in space the important evidence of local history, rich in
its own cultural uniqueness. Shuri-jo, with its strong narrative, illustrates the not-to-be-granted-for age of
peace that overcame dark memories of war and loss. It is a case study of an act of reconstruction under
“exceptional circumstances” that rose initiative and motivation of the local and national community,
enabling release of large-scale means. This case should possibly support the discussion on who decides
the future status of cultural heritage after its post-conflict form of devastation, who takes the
responsibility, and for whom?","2018","published",,,,,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"",,,,,"","",,"","","","ICOMOS","",,"scientific_symposium","19th General Assembly, New Delhi, 2017",,"en",,,,,"public",,"paper",,,,,,,,,"ICOMOS 19th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium ""Heritage and Democracy""","New Delhi, India","13-14th December 2017","other",,,,,,"TRUE",,,,,,,,,"","","","Agency for Cultural Affairs, Government of Japan. (1999).World Heritage nomination dossier of the
Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu.
Association to promote reconstruction of the Shuri Castle, editorial committee for the 30th anniversary
commemorative journal (ed.). (2003).Resurrection of the Shuri Castle. Naha.Association to promote
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ICOMOS. (1999). ICOMOS Evaluation on the World Heritage nomination dossier of the Gusuku Sites
and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu.
ICOMOS. (2017). ICOMOS Guidance on Post Trauma Recovery and Reconstruction for World Heritage
Cultural Properties. Paris. ICOMOS.
Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. (2016).
Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention (Version of 26 October
2016). Paris. UNESCO.
Kuniken, editorial committee on the corporate history (ed.). (2010). “Reconstructing the Shuri Castle:
Annecdotes of the project by the engineers”. Half a Centry of Kuniken: History of the Company
commemmorating its 50th Anniversary. Naha. Kuniken. p.124-131.
Mabuchi.W. (15 March 2015). “In search of the lost castle: reconstruction of the Shuri Castle”. Asahi
Shinbun. http://www.asahi.com/and_M/interest/SDI2015031293481.html [accessed 15 October 2017]
National Okinawa Memorial Park Management Office (2007).National Okinawa Memorial Park Project
Summary 2007.Okinawa General Bureau, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan.
National Okinawa Memorial Park Management Office (2014).National Okinawa Memorial Park Shuri
Castle District Development Plan 2014. Okinawa General Bureau, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan.
Okinawa Prefecture. (2012). “Onkochishin: 20 years from reconstruction”. Churashima Okinawa (May
2012). http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/churahome/pdf/1205/10-11.pdf. [Accessed 28 October 2017]
Shuri Castle Park official website.http://oki-park.jp/sp/shurijo/. [Accessed 1 May 2017]
Shuri Castle Study Group (ed.). (1989). Introduction to the Shuri Castle: its Architecture and History.
Naha. Hirugi Publishing.
Taira, H. and Saiki,T.(2004.9) “Study on the Reconstruction of the state hall of the Shuri Castle and on an
organization protecting the castle”. Journal of the Design Research Association. vol.35.p.62-69.
Takara, K.(ed.).(2013).World Heritage in Okinawa: invitation to the Ryukyu Kingdom. Tokyo. JTB
Publishing.
Takara, K. (August 16, 2017).“In order to proceed in the eternal process of Reversion of Okinawa to
Japan”.Webronza, Asahi Shinbun. http://webronza.asahi.com/journalism/articles/2017080900001.html.
[Accessed 20 October 2017].
Yano, K. “In-situ preservation, freeze preservation and reconstruction”. (2012).Monthy Journal of the
Agency for Cultural Affairs.No.526 (July 2012).
http://www.bunka.go.jp/pr/publish/bunkachou_geppou/2012_07/series_15/series_15.html．[Accessed 15
July 2017].","","",,,,,,,"",,,,
"2003",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"E09",,"conflict",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"2003",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"G04",,"peace",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"2003",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"L04",,"reconciliation",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"2003",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"P04",,"Okinawa",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"2003",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Japan",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"2003",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"war",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"2003",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"local history",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"2003",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"tangible heritage",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"2003",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"local community",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"2003",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"reconstruction",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,