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Comparison of the vernacular earthen architecture in Goa (past Portuguese colony in India) and Alentejo (Portugal): Local building cultures and conservation approaches = Comparaison de l’architecture vernaculaire en terre de Goa (ancienne colonie portugaise en Inde) et de l’Alentejo (Portugal): Cultures constructives locales et approches de conservation
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Rodrigues, Chenelle Fatima (2020) Comparison of the vernacular earthen architecture in Goa (past Portuguese colony in India) and Alentejo (Portugal): Local building cultures and conservation approaches = Comparaison de l’architecture vernaculaire en terre de Goa (ancienne colonie portugaise en Inde) et de l’Alentejo (Portugal): Cultures constructives locales et approches de conservation. Autre thesis, École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Grenoble. [Thèse]
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Résumé (en anglais)
Declaration of intent: History, problem, hypothesis Goa is a past Portuguese colony. The Portuguese were in Goa from 1510 — 1961. While Goa retained much of its indigenous culture, it was also influenced by Portuguese cuisine, religion, politics, art, architecture, etc. It has been more than 50 years that Goa got its independence from the Portuguese, and became a part of India, but Goa’s culture still remains a mix of the Indian and Portuguese culture. It is popularly referred to as the ‘Indo-Portuguese’ culture. While many aspects comprise the ‘Indo-Portuguese’ culture, the one that catches the fancy of many is the ‘Indo-Portuguese’ architecture, especially the mansion houses often referred to as ‘Portuguese houses’. During my stances on heritage conservation projects in Goa, I saw that there are various studies speak of the Portuguese influence on the public buildings, churches, and mansion houses of Goa. However, I realised that there is a void in the available documentation that did not allow for holistic conservation of Goa’s architectural heritage. (1) There was little documentation on the materials and techniques used to build these structures, and the methods employed for their upkeep. (2) What remained largely ignored was the houses of laypeople, many of which are built with earth — and are fast disappearing. (3) While many cultural exchanges, significantly between Goa and Portugal, focus on ‘Indo-Portuguese’ architecture, there was hardly any attention given to earth as a building material — even though earth is integral to Goa’s architectural heritage and earthen houses constitute much of Goa’s architectural landscape. This urged me to study the vernacular earthen architecture built both, in Goa and Portugal, during the period when Goa was a Portuguese territory. A brief preliminary research brought to light that while there are earthen houses almost all over Goa and Portugal, those in the Alentejo region of Portugal and Goa resemble i.e. the earthen walls display horizontal layers or ‘lifts’. In order to draw a parameter, this study is focused on the a comparison of the earthen houses in Alentejo and Goa. A research titled, ‘Rammed Earth in Alentejo’ by Architect Mariana Correia was submitted as her DPEA - Terre dissertation at CRAterre-EAG in 2000. The study was later published into a book by Argumentum, Lisbon in 2007. This research has been used as the basis of my dissertation titled, ‘Vernacular earthen architecture of Goa and Alentejo in Portugal: Construction techniques and conservation approaches’. I believe that it is important to understand the building cultures and conservation approaches that — were and are — employed in these two regions that share a colonial past. This would facilitate better and futuristic measures towards safeguarding yet another aspect of our shared heritage: Earthen houses of Goa and Portugal.
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