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Furnaces of Salamanca: Vernacular building techniques applied to semi-industrial tobacco production in Chile between 1960 and 1990

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Gómez Maestro, Carmen, Rivera, Amanda and Olivares Miranda, I. (2020) Furnaces of Salamanca: Vernacular building techniques applied to semi-industrial tobacco production in Chile between 1960 and 1990. In: HERITAGE2020 (3DPast | RISK-Terra) International Conference on Vernacular Architecture in World Heritage Sites. Risks and New Technologies. UPV Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain, pp. 1057-1063. [Book Section]

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Abstract (in English)

The furnaces of Salamanca were built during the period in which the British Tobacco Company operated in this area of the Region of Coquimbo in Chile (1960's to 1990's). A semi-industrial model of tobacco production was inserted, in which local farmers received technical training and materials to grow tobacco plants. During a first period the company bought green tobacco leaves, while later encouraging the sale of dried tobacco. This meant that local producers had to build their own furnaces, under the company's technical instructions. These instructions were delivered through architectural plans produced by the company, which were interpreted by local farmers according to their own vernacular construction knowledge. This combination resulted in a huge variety of constructive techniques – primarily based on earth – represented in one only architectural form. A cadastre accomplished by the authors in 2019 registered examples of furnaces built with adobe, quincha, tabique and a combination of several of these building systems. Similar systems also present variations - expressed especially in the use of different earthquake-resistant devices. These attend to variable economic conditions and constructive cultures of the local farmers. This article presents the register of 24 furnace ensambles located in 7 areas of Salamanca, characterized according to their construction type and state of conservation. These entries provide information on the richness of vernacular construction of the area and the efficiency of case-specific building solutions.

Item Type: Book Section
Authors:
Authors
Email
Gómez Maestro, Carmen
UNSPECIFIED
Rivera, Amanda
UNSPECIFIED
Olivares Miranda, I.
UNSPECIFIED
Editors:
Editors
Email
Mileto, Camila
UNSPECIFIED
Vegas, Fernando
UNSPECIFIED
García-Soriano, Lidia
UNSPECIFIED
Cristini, V.
UNSPECIFIED
Languages: English
Keywords: Vernacular building techniques; Industrialization; Earthquake-resistant devices; Adobe; Wood-earth techniques; Tobacco production; vernacular architecture; industrial heritage
Subjects: C.ARCHITECTURE > 02. Building typologies
C.ARCHITECTURE > 05. Building techniques
C.ARCHITECTURE > 06. Structures of buildings
H.HERITAGE TYPOLOGIES > 06. Cultural landscapes
H.HERITAGE TYPOLOGIES > 27. Vernacular architecture
P. GEOGRAPHIC AREAS > 01. Americas
Q. LANDSCAPES > 14. Vernacular Landscapes
Name of monument, town, site, museum: Salamanca, Chile
Volume: XLIV-M
ISSN: 2194-9034
Depositing User: Ms Amanda Rivera
Date Deposited: 11 Apr 2022 22:11
Last Modified: 30 May 2022 08:35
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Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales (CMN). 2004. Visited 15th of January of 2020, Estación de Ferrocarril de Salamanca: https://www.monumentos.gob.cl/monumentos/monumentos- historicos/estacion-ferrocarril-salamanca



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Rivera, A., 2017. The Chilean adobe as a seismic vernacular technology, the study of the “Norte Chico” zone. Vernacular and Earthen Architecture: Conservation and Sustainability. London: CRC Press. 675-680.



Rolón, G., Herr C., Jerez Lazo, P., Fernández, A., Lamas, M., 2018: Las estufas de secado de tabaco en Salta. Problemáticas de un parque edilicio e refuncionalización. Seminario Iberoamericano de Arquitectura y Construcción con Tierra, 18 Memorias... La antigua Guatemala, Guatemala: USAC- CII/PROTERRA, 29-36.



Stovel, H., 2003. Preparación ante el riesgo: Un manual para el manejo del Patrimonio Cultural Mundial. Rome: ICCROM.
URI: https://openarchive.icomos.org/id/eprint/2621

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