Onsite advanced biocleaning system on ancient wall paintings using new agar-gauze bacteria gel

Ranalli, Giancarlo, Zanardini, Elisabetta, Rampazzi, Laura, Corti, Cristina, Andreotti, Alessia, Colombini, Maria Perla, Bosch-Roig, Pilar, Lustrato, Giuseppe, Giantomassi, Carlo, Zari, Donatella and Virilli, Paolo (2019) Onsite advanced biocleaning system on ancient wall paintings using new agar-gauze bacteria gel. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 126 . pp. 1785-1796. ISSN 1365-2672 [Article]

Preview

PDF Onsite advanced biocleaning system on ancient wall paintings using new agar-gauze bacteria gel.pdf Download (853kB) | Preview

Abstract (in English)

Aims: In this study the results of the use of a new agar-gauze biogel system activated by viable bacterial cells applied on altered wall-paintings are reported. Methods and Results: Biocleaning using agar biogel and agar-gauze biogel systems was performed onsite by direct application onto altered wall-painting artwork surfaces (25-1,000 cm2). The treatments were performed for the restoration of two original Italian sites: i) at the Vatican Museums, Cristo che salva Pietro dalle acque - La Navicella wall-painting by Giovanni Lanfranco (1627-1628) and ii) at Pisa Cathedral Cupola, Incarnato wall-painting by Orazio Riminaldi (1593-1630) and his brother (Girolamo Riminaldi). The novelty of this study is the use of Pseudomonas stutzeri A29 viable cells using an advanced agar-gauze biogel system and that the bioapplications required short contact-times of between 3-12 hours. The ancient artworks were altered by lipid and protein residues from past restoration as confirmed by the Py-GC/MS and FTIR data. Assessment was made on the effectiveness of the biological treatment and general considerations were discussed. Conclusions: The short contact-time of the bioapplications using advanced agar-gauze gel activated with P. stutzeri viable cells makes this biotechnology promising as an alternative method to the traditional onsite cleaning techniques currently in use for altered ancient wall-paintings. Significance and Impact of the Study. In this study, we report the biocleaning of altered materials located in vertical and vaulted areas using agar-gauze biogel and short application times for the first time. These findings are of great significance for future restoration activities, being crucial for determining best preservation strategies in this field.

Item Type:	Article
Authors:	Authors Email Ranalli, Giancarlo UNSPECIFIED Zanardini, Elisabetta UNSPECIFIED Rampazzi, Laura laura.rampazzi@uninsubria.it Corti, Cristina UNSPECIFIED Andreotti, Alessia UNSPECIFIED Colombini, Maria Perla UNSPECIFIED Bosch-Roig, Pilar UNSPECIFIED Lustrato, Giuseppe UNSPECIFIED Giantomassi, Carlo UNSPECIFIED Zari, Donatella UNSPECIFIED Virilli, Paolo UNSPECIFIED
Languages:	English
Keywords:	Onsite biocleaning; biorestoration; wall-paintings; agar-gauze biogel; bacteria
Subjects:	A. THEORETICAL AND GENERAL ASPECTS > 12. Theory of conservation C.ARCHITECTURE > 08. Wall paintings C.ARCHITECTURE > 09. Movable cultural property F.SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGIES OF CONSERVATION > 12. Biochemical analysis F.SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGIES OF CONSERVATION > 13. Chemical analysis F.SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGIES OF CONSERVATION > 28. Infra red analysis G.DETERIORATION > 02. Causes of deterioration
Name of monument, town, site, museum:	Vatican Museums (Rome, Italy); Cathedral Cupola (Pisa, Italy)
UNESCO WHC Number:	286; 395
Volume:	126
ISSN:	1365-2672
Depositing User:	dr Laura Rampazzi
Date Deposited:	02 Mar 2021 11:22
Last Modified:	08 Jun 2021 09:54
References:	Alfano, G., Lustrato, G., Belli, C., Zanardini, E., Cappitelli, F., Mello, E. et al. (2011). The bioremoval of nitrate and sulfate alterations on artistic stonework: The case-study of Matera Cathedral after six years from the treatment. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 65:1004–1011. Amoroso, G.G., Fassina, V. Stone Decay and Conservation. Atmospheric-pollution. Cleaning Consolidation and Protection, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1983. Andreotti, A., Bonaduce, I., Colombini, M.P., Modugno, F., Ribechini, E. (2009). The diagnosis of the yellowing of the marble hight-reliefs and the black decorations in the chapel of the tomb of Saint Anthony (Padua-Italy). J Mass Spectrom 284:123-130. Antonioli, P., Zapparoli, G., Abbruscato, P., Sorlini, C., Ranalli, G., Righetti, P.G. (2005). Art-loving bugs: The resurrection of Spinello Aretino from Pisa’s cemetery. Proteomics 5: 2453–2459. Barbabietola, N., Tasso, F., Grimaldi, M., Alisi, C., Chiavarini, S., Marconi, P. et al. (2012). Microbe-based technology for a novel approach to conservation and restoration. EAI Speciale II. Knowledge, Diagnostics and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, pp. 69-76. Barras, F. (2018) Art and microbiology: encounters of the third type. Environ Microbiol Reports, doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12717 Bosch-Roig, P., Montes-Estellés, R.M., Regidor-Ros, J.L., Roig Picazo, P., Ranalli, G. (2012). New frontiers in the microbial bio-cleaning of artworks. Picturer Restorer 41: 37–41. Bosch-Roig, P., Regidor-Ros, J.L., Soriano-Sancho, P., Montes-Estellés, R.M. (2013a). Biocleaning of animal glue on wall paintings by Pseudomonas stutzeri. Chem Today 31: 50–53. Bosch-Roig, P., Regidor-Ros, J.L., Montes Estellés, R.M. (2013b). Biocleaning of nitrate alterations on wall paintings by Pseudomonas stutzeri. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 84: 266–274. doi: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.09.009 Bosch-Roig, P., Lustrato, G., Zanardini, E., Ranalli, G. (2014). Biocleaning of Cultural Heritage stone surfaces and frescoes: which delivery system can be the most appropriate? Ann Microbiol 65: 3, 1227-1241. Bosch-Roig, P. and Ranalli, G. (2014). The safety of biocleaning technologies for cultural heritage. Front Microbiol 5:155. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00155 Bosch-Roig, P., Decorosi, F., Giovannetti, L., Ranalli, G., Viti, C. (2016) Connecting phenome to genome in Pseudomonas stutzeri 5190: an artwork biocleaning bacterium. Res Microbiol 167: 757–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2016.09.003. Bosch-Roig, P. and Ranalli, G. (2018). Biocleaning of cultural heritage treasures. In: Biodeterioration and Preservation in Art, Archeology and Architecture, ed. Mitchell, R. and Clifford, J. pp. 169-183, London, Archetype Publications. Bugini, R., Corti, C., Folli, L., Rampazzi, L. (2017). Unveiling the use of creta in Roman plasters: analysis of clay wall paintings from Brixia (Italy). Archaeom 59: 84-95. Cappitelli, F., Zanardini, E., Ranalli, G., Mello, E., Daffonchio, D., Sorlini, C. (2006). Improved methodology for bioremoval of black crusts on historical stone artworks by use of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 72: 3733–3737. Cappitelli, F., Toniolo, L., Sansonetti, A., Gulotta, D., Ranalli, G., Zanardini, E., Sorlini, C. (2007). Advantages of using microbial technology over traditional chemical technology in the removal of black crusts from stone surfaces of historical monuments. Appl Environ Microbiol 73: 5671–5675. Caselli E., Pancaldi, S., Baldisserotto, C., Petrucci, F., Impallaria, A., Volpe, et al. (2018) Characterization of biodegradation in a 17th century easel painting and potential for a biological approach. PLOS, December 5, doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207630 Cremonesi, P. (1999). L’uso degli enzimi nella pulitura delle opere policrome. In: I Talenti ed. Cremonesi, P. pp. 5-11. Padova: Il Prato. Colombini, M.P., Modugno, F. Giacomelli, A. (1999). Two procedures for suppressing interference from inorganic pigments in analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of proteinaceous binders in painting. J Chrom Acta 846: 101-111. Colombini, M.P., Bonaduce, I., Gautier, G. (2003). Molecular pattern recognition of fresh and aged shellac. Chromatographia 58:1-8. Corti, C., Rampazzi, L., Visonà, P. (2016). Hellenistic Mortar and Plaster from Contrada Mella near Oppido Mamertina (Calabria, Italy). Int J Conserv Scie 7: 57-70. De Belie, N., De Graef, B., De Muynck, W., Dick, J., De Windt, W., Verstraete, W. (2005). Biocatalytic processes on concrete: bacterial cleaning and repair. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components, Lyon, pp. 95-103. De Graef, B., De Windt, W., Dick, J., Verstraete, W., De Belie, N. (2005). Cleaning of concrete fouled by lichens with the aid of Thiobacilli. Mater Struct 38: 875–882. doi:10.1007/BF02482254 Derrick, M.R., Stulik, D., Landry, J.M. Infrared Spectroscopy in Conservation Science, Getty Conservation Institute 1999. Doehne, E. and Price, C.A. (2010). Stone Conservation. An overview of Current Research. The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, p. 175. Gauri, K.L., Chowdhury, A.N., Kulshreshtha, N.P., Punuru, A.R. (1989). The sulfation of marble and the treatment of gypsum crusts. Stud Conserv 34: 201–206. Gioventù, E., Lorenzi, P.F., Villa, F., Sorlini, C., Rizzi, M., Cagnini, et al. (2011). Comparing the bioremoval of black crusts on colored artistic lithotypes of the Cathedral of Florence with chemical and laser treatment. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 65: 832–839. Junier, P. and Joseph, E. (2017) Microbial biotechnology approaches to mitigating the deterioration of construction and heritage materials. Microb Biotech 10: 1145–1148 doi:10.1111/1751-7915.12795. Lluveras, A., Bonaduce, I., Andreotti, A., Colombini, M. P. (2010). A GC/MS analytical procedure for the characterization of glycerolipids, natural waxes, terpenoid resins, proteinaceous and polysaccharide materials in the same paint micro sample avoiding interferences from inorganic media. Anal Chem 81:376–386. Lustrato, G., Alfano, G., Andreotti, A., Colombini, M.P., Ranalli, G. (2012). Fast biocleaning of mediaeval frescoes using viable bacterial cells. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 69: 51–61. May, E., Webster, A.M., Inkpen, R., Zamarreño, D., Kuever, J., Rudolph, C., Warscheid, T., Sorlini. C., Cappitelli, F., Zanardini, E., Ranalli, G., Krage, L., Vgenopoulos, A., Katsinis, D., Mello, E., Malagodi, M. (2008). The BIOBRUSH project for bioremediation of Heritage stone. In: May, E., Jones, M., Mitchell, J. (eds.) Heritage Microbiology and Science. Microbes, Monuments and maritime materials. RSC Publishing, Cambridge, pp. 76–93. Mazzoni, M., Tasso, F., Alisi, C., Cecchini, A., Marconi, A., Sprocati, A.R. (2014). Laponite micro-packs for the selective cleaning of multiple coherent deposits on wall paintings: The case study of Casina Farnese on the Palatine Hill (Rome-Italy). Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 94:1-11. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.06.004 Orsini, S., Parlanti, F., and Bonaduce, I. (2017). Analyical pyrolysis of proteins in samples from artistic and archaeological objects. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 124:643–657. Polo, A., Cappitelli, F., Brusetti, L., Principi, P., Villa, F., Giacomucci, L., et al. (2010). Feasibility of removing surface deposits on stone using biological and chemical remediation methods. Environ Microbiol 60:1–14. Petrov, I. and Šoptrajanov, B. (1975). Infrared spectrum of whewellite, Spectrochim Acta Part A. Mol Spectrosc 31, 309–316. Rampazzi, L., Giussani, B., Rizzo, B., Corti, C., Pozzi, A., Dossi, C. (2011). Monuments as sampling surfaces of recent traffic pollution. Environ Sci Pollut Res 18: 184-191. Rampazzi, L., Rizzo, B., Colombo, C., Conti, C., Realini, M., Bartolucci et al. (2012). The stucco technique of the Magistri Comacini: the case study of St. Maria dei Ghirli in Campione d’Italia (Como, Italy). Archaeom 54: 926-939. Rampazzi, L., Colombini, M.P., Conti, C., Corti, C., Lluveras-Tenorio, A., Sansonetti, A. et al. (2016). Technology of Medieval mortars: an investigation into the use of organic additives. Archaeom 58: 115-130. Rampazzi, L., Andreotti, A., Bressan, M., Colombini, M.P., Corti, C., Cuzman, O. et al. (2018). An interdisciplinary approach to a knowledge-based restoration: the dark alteration on the Matera Cathedral (Italy). Appl Sur Sci 458: 529-539. Rampazzi, L. (2019). Calcium oxalate films on works of art: a review’. J Cult Herit in press. Ranalli, G., Belli, C., Baracchini, C., Caponi, G., Pacini, P., Zanardini, E., Sorlini, C. (2003a). Deterioration and bioremediation of frescoes: A case study. In: Saiz-Jimenez, C. (ed.) Molecular Biology and Cultural Heritage. Balkema Publishers, Netherlands, pp. 243–246. Ranalli, G., Zanardini, E., Pasini, P., Roda, A. (2003b). Rapid biodeteriogen and biocide diagnosis on artwork: a bioluminescent low-light imaging technique. Ann Microbiol 53: 1-13. Ranalli, G., Alfano, G., Belli, C., Lustrato, G., Colombini, M.P., Bonaduce, I. et al. (2005). Biotechnology applied to cultural heritage: biorestoration of frescoes using viable bacterial cells and enzymes. J Appl Microbiol 98: 73–83. Ranalli, G., Zanardini, E., Sorlini, C. (2009). Biodeterioration including Cultural Heritage. In: Schaechter M (ed.) Encyclopedia of Microbiology, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Oxford, pp. 191–205. Ranalli, G., Zanardini, R., Andreotti, A., Colombini, M.C., Corti, C., Bosch-Roig, P. et al. (2018). Hi-tech restoration by two steps biocleaning process of Triumph of Death fresco at the Camposanto Monumental Cemetery (Pisa, Italy). J Appl Microbiol doi: 10.1111/jam.13913. Saiz-Jimenez, C. (1995). Deposition of anthropogenic compounds on monuments and their effect on airborne microorganisms. Aerobiol 11:161-175. Saiz-Jimenez, C. (2004). Air Pollution and Cultural Heritage. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Air Pollution and Cultural Heritage, Seville, Spain. Leiden and New York: Balkema. Troiano, F., Gulotta, D., Balloi, A., Polo, A., Toniolo, L., Lombardi, E. et al. (2013). Successful combination of chemical and biological treatments for the cleaning of stone artworks. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 85:294–304. Wolbers, R. (2000) In Archetype. Cleaning painted surface: Aqueous Methods, London.
URI:	https://openarchive.icomos.org/id/eprint/2443

Actions (login required)

View Item

Metadata

• HTML Citation
• ASCII Citation
• Full
• OpenURL ContextObject
• EndNote
• BibTeX
• MODS
• MPEG-21 DIDL
• EP3 XML
• Dublin Core
• Reference Manager
• Eprints Application Profile
• Simple Metadata
• Refer
• METS

Downloads