Matumizi ya Kiashiria cha Mabadiliko ya Tabia-nchi kwa Magofu ya Kilwa Kisiwani na Magofu ya Songo Mnara, Tanzania [Application of the Climate Vulnerability Index for the Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and the Ruins of Songo Mnara, Tanzania. Swahili translation]

Heron, Scott F., Day, Jon D., Mbogelah, Mercy, Bugumba, Revocatus, Abraham, Evarest, Sadi, Mohamed Bakari, Noah, Pauline, Khamis, Mzee Said, Madenge, Stephen, Megarry, William and Sanjo Mafuru, Steven (2022) Matumizi ya Kiashiria cha Mabadiliko ya Tabia-nchi kwa Magofu ya Kilwa Kisiwani na Magofu ya Songo Mnara, Tanzania [Application of the Climate Vulnerability Index for the Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and the Ruins of Songo Mnara, Tanzania. Swahili translation]. Project Report. CVI Africa Project, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 56p. ISBN 978-2-918086-85-7. [Book]

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Abstract (in English)

Climate change is a major threat to World Heritage (WH) and many sites are already experiencing impacts from climate change related hazards. As the climate crisis intensifies, there remains an urgent need to understand the vulnerability of heritage sites. This report describes the outcomes from an application of the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) for the Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara (hereafter RKK and RSM) WH property in Tanzania. The CVI methodology is an emerging technique to rapidly assess the vulnerability of natural and cultural WH, which assesses realised and potential impacts to both Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) and the associated community. It was held as part of the United Kingdom Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) and Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport funded Values-based Climate Change Risk Assessment: Piloting the Climate Vulnerability Index for Cultural Heritage in Africa Project (hereafter CVI-Africa project). The CVI-Africa project was the first time the CVI had been applied to African WH properties. The CVI was held on 18th and 19th October 2021, and applied the Consult mode, a more concise and rapid assessment than a full CVI Workshop. It was held in-person and involved the site manager, a representative from the National Museum of Tanzania, the Chairman and members of the site Ruins Committee and a translator. Facilitators and other project team members joined remotely. It was preceded by three preparatory webinars with contributions from experts from a wide range of backgrounds which fed directly into the Consult. Within the CVI process, participants selected ca. 2040 as the future time scale on which to assess vulnerability and chose to consider a high-emissions scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway, RCP8.5). Participants identified the three climate stressors of greatest threat: Intense Precipitation Events, Sea level rise (trend), and Coastal erosion. Examples of actual and potential impacts include the percolation of rainwater into structures, the erosion of gullies during heavy rainfall and the erosion of archaeological remains along the coast near the Gereza Fort. The potential impact on the OUV, derived from exposure and sensitivity, was determined as extreme (the highest on a four-point scale, low to extreme) for Coastal erosion; high for Intense precipitation events; and as moderate for Sea level rise. Once adaptive capacity was taken into account, the combined OUV Vulnerability for the sites was determined to be Moderate. The potential community vulnerability varied considerably. Economic values related to conservation and management were perceived to experience a future increase in economic activity resulting from a predicted increase to impacts, while those linked to tourism and services would be negatively affected by a loss of values. Impacts to cultural and social values were deemed to be negative at a moderate level. The adaptive capacities were deemed to be moderate for economic and low for social and cultural, resulting in the Community Vulnerability being determined as Low. It was abundantly clear that previous adaptive measures taken at the site had a beneficial impact on both OUV and community adaptive capacity. These also contributed significantly to the local economy. As such, the RKK and RSM WH property represents a good example of how climate adaptation measures can both preserve the OUV of WH properties while simultaneously supporting local communities. It also highlights the value of local knowledge and experience locally, nationally and internationally.

Mabadiliko ya Tabia-nchi ni moja ya athari kuu kwenye Hifadhi za Urithi wa Dunia na hifadhi nyingi tayari zimekwisha patwa ama fikiwa na uzoefu wa athari zinazotokana na madhara ya mabadiliko ya Tabia-nchi. Kila yanapojitokeza madhara ya kuongezeka kwa athari za Tabia-nchi, kunakuwapo na masalia muhimu ya uharaka katika kutambua athari hizo kwa hifadhi hizi za urithi. Ripoti hii ina elezea matokeo kutokana na Matumizi ya viashiria vya Mabadiliko ya Tabia kwa Maeneo ya Urithi wa Dunia kwa Magofu ya Kilwa Kisiwani na Magofu ya Songo Mnara, Tanzania. Njia inayotumika na CVI ni mbinu iliyojitokeza katika uharaka wa kutathmini athari za asili na kitamaduni za maeneo ya Urithi wa Dunia ambazo zitafanya tathmin ya mapokeo ya athari kuu kwa maeneo yote makuu mawili ya Sifa za Kipekee Zisizo na Kifani za kidunia pamoja na kwa jamii husika. Muktadha huu umefikiwa mara baada ya kushikiriwa kama sehemu ya sanaa ya Umoja wa Nchi za Kiingereza pamoja na baraza za tafiti za masuala ya Kibinadamu zikishirikiana na Idara za Kidigitali, Tamaduni, Habari na Michezo zinazofadhiliwa na tathmini ya thamani linganishi ya hatari za mabadiliko ya Tabia-nchi: Majaribio ya matumizi ya Kiashiria cha Mabadiliko ya Tabia-nchi ama vielezo vya athari ya mabadiliko ya Tabia-nchi kwa Maeneo ya Urithi ya Kitamaduni katika Mradi wa Bara la Afrika ( na hapa ikitambulika kama Mradi wa CVI-Barani Afrika). Mradi huu wa CVI- Barani Afrika ni wa kwanza kutumika kwenye maeneo ya Urithi wa Dunia Afrika. Kusanyiko la wadau wa CVI lilifanyika mnamo tarehe 18 hadi 19 ya Mwezi Oktoba Mwaka 2021, lilijumuisha hali ya mashaurino, kwa ufupisho zaidi na kwa tathmin ya uharaka badala ya kufanya semina ya CVI iliyokamilka. Mkusanyiko huu ulifanyika kwa kila mmoja wetu (kibinafsi) na ulijumuisha Mameja wa Hifadhi, Mwakilishi toka Makumbusho ya Taifa- Tanzania, Mwenyekiti na Mjumbe wa Kamati ya Hifadhi za Magofu husika pamoja na mtafasiri wa lugha (mkalimani). Mwezeshaji wa Mkutano ama kusanyiko hilo na washirika wengine wa timu ya Mradi walijiunga kutokea mbali kwa njia ya mtandao. Mkutano ama kusanyiko hili lilitanguliwa hapo awali na vikao vya maandalizi vitatu kwa mtandao ambavyo vilipokea mawazo kutoka kwa wataalam katika Nyanja pana za kutoa picha halisi-ndogo nyuma ya picha halisi-kubwa (usuli) iliyoshiba na kusheheni na hivyo kuingia moja kwa moja katika mashauriano.

Item Type:	Book (Project Report)
Authors:	Authors Email Heron, Scott F. UNSPECIFIED Day, Jon D. UNSPECIFIED Mbogelah, Mercy UNSPECIFIED Bugumba, Revocatus UNSPECIFIED Abraham, Evarest UNSPECIFIED Sadi, Mohamed Bakari UNSPECIFIED Noah, Pauline UNSPECIFIED Khamis, Mzee Said UNSPECIFIED Madenge, Stephen UNSPECIFIED Megarry, William UNSPECIFIED Sanjo Mafuru, Steven UNSPECIFIED
Languages:	Swahili
Keywords:	Tanzania; World Heritage; harbours; mosques; military architecture; Climate Vulnerability Index; climate change; risk factors; archaeology; erosion
Subjects:	B. ARCHAEOLOGY > 02. Archaeological site and remains E.CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION > 08. Monitoring G.DETERIORATION > 03. Climate change H.HERITAGE TYPOLOGIES > 28. World Heritage M.WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION > 08. Monitoring P. GEOGRAPHIC AREAS > 02. Africa
Name of monument, town, site, museum:	Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani; Ruins of Songo Mnara
UNESCO WHC Number:	144
National Committee:	Nigeria
Number of Pages:	56
ISBN:	978-2-918086-85-7
Depositing User:	ICOMOS DocCentre
Date Deposited:	15 Jun 2022 12:26
Last Modified:	06 Mar 2023 15:32
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URI:	https://openarchive.icomos.org/id/eprint/2659

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