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Un terrain d'application privilégié pour mettre en cohérence protection du patrimoine et développement durable
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Alessandri, Raphaël (2012) Un terrain d'application privilégié pour mettre en cohérence protection du patrimoine et développement durable. In: ICOMOS 17th General Assembly, 2011-11-27 / 2011-12-02, Paris, France. [Conference or Workshop Item]
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II-2-Article5_Alessandri.pdf Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike. Download (3MB) | Preview |
Abstract (in English)
Coal mining has profoundly and permanently transformed the landscape of the mining area of Nord-Pas de Calais in northern France. Beyond the large mining sites, the networks of infrastructures or the waste heaps, the mining companies have left the country a unique social heritage. Indeed, the 563 mining towns (almost 70 000 dwellings) scattered along more than 120 kilometres on the coalfield, are not only an open book on history of industrial housing, from the birth of the hygiene movement, to the advent of modern architecture through the invention of garden cities, but also a fundamental component of the region’s appeal. Although these mining towns are sometimes of exceptional significance, they remain a housing stock which is continually evolving in response to construction standards, transformation of cities, and the changing needs of current and future populations. It appears that only a cross-disciplinary approach which takes into account social and urban issues, environmental and technical constraints, the needs of the population, and economic feasibility, will provide a solution that balances the protection of this exceptional heritage with its necessary adaptation. In order to demonstrate the compatibility and fraternity existing between sustainable development and heritage preservation, the Mission Bassin Minier is establishing a series of ‘pilot-cities’ in collaboration with the donors of the mining park and the relevant municipalities. These projects involve heritage experts, architects, landscape and town planners, sociologists, heating engineers, ICT experts etc., in order to demonstrate in practice that reuse of the heritage of mining towns (and of ancient housing in general) is a strength and an opportunity to respond to the social and environmental issues of evolving regions. In fact, these dwellings comprise significant urban qualities, techniques and practices (far too often technicist biased), which make them excellent alternatives to the proliferation of the housing which is thermally more ‘efficient’ but overall less sustainable.
Le Bassin Minier est un territoire de contrastes. Il a été pendant longtemps l’exemple d’un développement non durable. Ce territoire a été perçu avant tout comme une matière première à exploiter, coûte que coûte. L’arrêt de l’activité charbonnière l’avait laissé meurtri physiquement, économiquement et socialement. Cependant, cet acharnement à produire a également engendré outre les innovations dans le domaine scientifique, technique, médical et sociale, un paysage culturel spécifique, un patrimoine bâti de qualité, un habitat innovant, riche d’enseignements. Aujourd’hui, alors même que les territoires se recomposent, que le marché du logement devient de plus en plus tendu, que la situation sociale peine à s’améliorer,les logements miniers - plus de 70 000 - s’imposent comme véritable levier de développement pour l’avenir et une opportunité pour transformer l’héritage de la mine en atout pour les générations futures. Cette ambition s’incarne aujourd’hui dans le projet d’inscription du bassin minier du Nord-Pas de Calais sur la liste du patrimoine mondial. Cet article montre la façon dont cette ambition prend forme dans le plan de gestion des cités minières, ainsi que des premiers résultats concrets encourageants.
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