English | French

Monuments as sampling surfaces of recent traffic pollution

Tools

Rampazzi, Laura, Giussani, Barbara, Rizzo, Biagio, Corti, Cristina, Pozzi, Andrea and Dossi, Carlo (2011) Monuments as sampling surfaces of recent traffic pollution. Environmental Science and Pollution Research (18). pp. 184-191. ISSN 1614-7499 [Article]

[img]
Preview
 PDF
Monuments as sampling surfaces of recent traffic pollution.pdf
Download (468kB) | Preview

Abstract (in English)

Background, aim, and scope. A new approach towards monuments, considering them as a passive sampler of pollution, is presented. Cultural Heritage objects suffer daily the damages of environmental pollution, especially in those areas interested by heavy traffic. Since monuments undergo only periodically conservation or maintenance works, surfaces are able to accumulate atmospheric deposit and to record changes in its composition. An optimised analytical protocol was developed in order to quantify platinum and rhodium at trace level on surfaces. The two elements have become tracers of automobile emissions in recent years, since the introduction of catalytic converters, and could have catalytic effects on the decay reactions of natural and artificial stone materials. As first case study, the cement mortar surfaces of a XX Century monument, the Camerlata Fountain, in Como (Italy) were investigated. Materials and methods. The surfaces of the monument were scraped in areas both exposed to atmosphere and sheltered by the architectural elements of the building. The powders were dissolved by microwave assisted mineralisation with a solution of HCl and HNO3. The solution was filtered, irradiated and analysed by Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry. The powders were also analysed by Infrared Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction in order to determine the chemical and mineralogical composition. Results and discussion. An analysis protocol was set up considering the matrix effect and the expected low concentrations of the two metals. The results enlightened variable concentration values and distributions area of platinum (0.013-45 g/Kg) and rhodium (0.55-274.4 g/Kg) suggesting the ability of artificial stone surfaces to accumulate the two elements. The samples chemical and mineralogical composition was consistent with a typical cement plaster interested by decay phenomena. Conclusions. This work investigated the relation between Cultural Heritage and pollution by another point of view. The analytical protocol presented in this paper was effective in determining platinum and rhodium in traces on the investigated stone surfaces with negligible matrix effects. Recommendation and perspectives. The presence of platinum and rhodium on monuments surfaces should be of significant interest when planning Cultural Heritage conservation. A better knowledge of the two metals role in decay phenomena could impact in a positive way the artworks conservation.

Item Type: Article
Authors:
Authors
Email
Rampazzi, Laura
laura.rampazzi@uninsubria.it
Giussani, Barbara
UNSPECIFIED
Rizzo, Biagio
UNSPECIFIED
Corti, Cristina
UNSPECIFIED
Pozzi, Andrea
UNSPECIFIED
Dossi, Carlo
UNSPECIFIED
Languages: English
Keywords: Atmospheric particulate; Monument surface; Platinum; Rhodium; Electro analytical techniques; pollution; analytical protocol; building materials; cement; stone; analysis of materials; biochemical analysis; air pollutions; pollutants; mineralogical analysis; cultural heritage conservation; recommendations
Subjects: A. THEORETICAL AND GENERAL ASPECTS > 06. History of architecture
C.ARCHITECTURE > 04. Building materials
E.CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION > 03. Monuments
E.CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION > 08. Monitoring
F.SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGIES OF CONSERVATION > 06. Analysis of materials
F.SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGIES OF CONSERVATION > 13. Chemical analysis
F.SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGIES OF CONSERVATION > 28. Infra red analysis
F.SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGIES OF CONSERVATION > 35. Mineralogical analysis
F.SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGIES OF CONSERVATION > 50. Statistical analysis
G.DETERIORATION > 02. Causes of deterioration
H.HERITAGE TYPOLOGIES > 09. Historic buildings
P. GEOGRAPHIC AREAS > 05. Europe
Q. LANDSCAPES > 12. Urban landscapes
Name of monument, town, site, museum: Camerlata Fountain (Como, Italy)
Number: 18
ISSN: 1614-7499
Depositing User: dr Laura Rampazzi
Date Deposited: 29 Jan 2018 09:29
Last Modified: 29 Jan 2018 10:07
References: Ausset P, Crovisier JL, Del Monte M, Furlan V, Girardet F, Hammecker C, Jeannette D, Lefevre RA (1996) Experimental study of limestone and sandstone sulphation in polluted realistic conditions: the Lausanne Atmospheric Simulation Chamber (LASC). Atm Environ 30: 3197- 3207.

Barefoot RR (1999) Distribution and Speciation of Platinum Group Elements in Environmental Matrices. Trends Anal Chem 18: 702-707

Bencs L, Ravindra K, Van Grieken R (2003) Methods for the determination of platinum group elements originating from the abrasion of automotive catalytic converters. Spectrochim Acta B 58: 1723–1755.

Boke H, Gokturk H, Caner-Saltik EN (1999) Effect of airborne particle on SO2- calcite reaction. Appl Sur Scie 140: 70- 82.

Brimblecombe P, Grossi CM (2005) Aesthetic thresholds and blackening of stone buildings. Sci Tot Environ 349: 175-189.

Chabas A, Lefèvre RA (2000) Chemistry and microscopy of atmospheric particulates at Delos (Cyclades–Greece). Atm Environ 34: 225-238.

Cultrone G, Arizzi A, Sebastian E, Rodriguez-Navarro C (2008) Sulfation of calcitic and dolomitic lime mortars in the presence of diesel particulate matter. Environ Geo 56: 741-752.

Delalieux F, Cardell C, Todorov V, Dekov V, Van Grieken R (2001) Environmental conditions controlling the chemical weathering of the Madara Horseman monument, NE Bulgaria. J Cult Herit 2: 43-54.

Dubiella-Jackowska A, Polkowska Z, Lech D, Paslawski P, Staszek W, Namiesnik J (2009) Estimation of platinum in environmental water samples with solid phase extraction technique using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Cent Europ J Chem 7: 35-41

Esbert RM, Diaz-Pache F, Grossi CM, Alonso FJ, Ordaz J (2001) Airborne particulate matter around the Cathedral of Burgos (Castilla y León, Spain). Atm Environ 35: 441-452.

Fornalczyk A, Saternus M (2009) Removal of platinum group metals from the used auto catalytic converter. Metallurgija 48: 133-136.

Hamilton RS, Revitt DM, Vincent KJ, Butlin RN (1995) Sulphur and nitrogen particulate pollutant deposition on to building surfaces. Sci Tot Environ 167: 57-66.

Helmers E, Mergel N (1998) Platinum and rhodium in a polluted environment: studying the emissions of automobile catalysts with emphasis on the application of CSV rhodium analysis, Fresenius J Anal Chem 362: 522–528.

Lammel G, Metzig G (1997) Pollutant fluxes onto the façades of a historical monument. Atm Environ 31: 2249-2259.

Locatelli C (2007) Voltammetric analysis of trace levels of platinum group metals principles and applications. Electroan 2007; 19: 2167 – 2175.

Moropoulou A, Bisbikou K, Torfs K, Van Grieken R, Zezza F, Macri F (1998) Origin and growth of weathering crusts on ancient marbles in industrial atmosphere. Atm Environ 32: 967-982.

Moropoulou A, Bisbikou K, Van Grieken R, Torfs K, Polikreti K (2001) Correlation between aerosols, deposits and weathering crusts on ancient marbles. Environ Techn 22: 607-618.

Pozzi A, Recchia S, Monticelli D, Dossi C, Rampazzi L, Curi P (2003) Ultra trace determination of Pt and Rh in wastewater and gullypot sediments from a low polluted area. Ann Chim Rome 93: 181-186.

Primerano P, Marino G, Di Pasquale S, Mavilia L, Corigliano F (2000) Possible alteration of monuments caused by particles emitted into the atmosphere carrying strong primary acidity. Atm Environ 34: 3889-3896.

Rampazzi L, Monticelli D, Verga R, Toniolo L (2003) A new microwave-assisted approach to the chemical analysis of mortars. Ann Chim Rome 93: 315-320.

Rauch S, Lu M, Morrison GM (2001) Heterogeneity of platinum group metals in airborne particles, Environ Sci Techn 35: 595-599.

Rodriguez-Navarro C, Sebastian E (1996) Role of particulate matter from vehicle exhaust on porous building stones (limestone) sulfation. Sci Tot Environ 187: 79-91.

Schiavon N, Chiavari G, Schiavon G, Fabbri D (1995) Nature and decay effects of urban soiling on granitic building stones. Sci Tot Environ 167: 87- 101.

Smichowski P , Gómez, D , Frazzoli C, Caroli S (2008) Traffic-Related Elements in Airborne Particulate Matter. App Spect Reviews 43: 1, 23-49.

Wilson M J (1994) Clay mineralogy: Spectroscopic and chemical determinative methods Chapman&Hall Edts. London.

Wiseman C LS, Zereini F (2009) Airborne particulate matter, platinum group elements and human health: A review of recent evidence. Sci Tot Environ 407: 2493–2500.
URI: https://openarchive.icomos.org/id/eprint/1854

Actions (login required)

View Item View Item

Metadata

Downloads

Downloads per month over past year

View more statistics

© ICOMOS
https://www.icomos.org/en
documentation(at)icomos.org